Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science (GARJAS) ISSN: 2315-5094
October 2017 Vol. 6(10): pp. 326-332
Copyright © 2017 Global Advanced Research Journals

 

Full Length Research Paper

Optimization of Enzyme Properties in C3 and C4 and CAM plants

Hamid kheyrodin1 and Sadaf  kheyrodin2

 

1-Assistant professor in semnan university – Iran

2- Student in Ms.c  of  urban planning in mashadazad university-Iran

Email: hamidkheyrodin@semnan.ac.ir

Accepted 14 October, 2017

 

Abstract

C3, C4 and CAM are the three different processes that plants use to fix carbon during the process of photosynthesis. Fixing carbon is the way plants remove the carbon from atmospheric carbon dioxide and turn it into organic molecules like carbohydrates. Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants minimize photorespiration and save water by separating these steps in time, between night and day.C4plants occur in various taxonomic groups of monocot and dicot plants. C4plants use a particu-lar mechanism to concentrate CO2at the reaction site of Rubisco and thereby suppress photorespiration. In C3photosynthesis, the atmospheric CO2isfixed by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). C4 plantsphotosynthesize more efficiently than C3plants under con-ditions of high light intensity and temperature, and low CO2conductance.  We demonstrated that C4 plants have better modularity with complex mechanism coordinates the reactions and pathways than that of C3 plants. C4 plants can be classified to three subtypes according to decarboxylation modes: NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NAD-malic enzyme (NAD-ME) and PEP carboxykinase (PCK). We explored the influence of each subtype on biomass synthesis and CO2 fixation, by blocking the flux of other two enzymes and giving enough supply of water and nitrogen.C4 plants can be annual or perennial. Annual C4 plants include corn, sudan  grass, and pearl millet. Perennial C4 plants include big bluestem, Indian grass, Bermuda grass, switch grass, and old world bluestem. 

Keywords:  Plant C3,  plant C4 , Cam.

 


 

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