Sorghum yield and water use under Phosphorus fertilization applications in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria

Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science (GARJAS) ISSN: 2315-5094
August 2018 Vol. 7(8): pp. 245-257
Copyright © 2018 Global Advanced Research Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Sorghum yield and water use under Phosphorus fertilization applications in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria

Hakeem A. Ajeigbe¹, Folorunso M. Akinseye^{1, 2}Jerome Jonah¹and Ayuba Kunihya¹

¹International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Kano, Nigeria

²Department of Meteorology and Climate Science, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria

*Corresponding Author's Email: h.ajeigbe@cgiar.org

Accepted 30 July, 2018

Abstract

Low soil fertility and water shortage are major constraints to food production and food security in semi-arid environments. Field experiments were conducted during two growing seasons (2014 and 2015) in two locations in Sudan savanna zone of Nigeria. The studyexaminedthe effects of Phosphorus (P) applications oncrop evapotranspiration (ET_c) water use efficiency (WUE)and agronomy phosphorus use efficiency (APUE)and sorghum productivity. The experiments were arranged in split plot design with five (5) P-fertilizerlevels(0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 kg P₂0₅ha^-1) as the main plot and threevarieties (CSR01, ICSV400 and local) as sub-plot in four replications.Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) amongthe P levels and sorghum varieties for grain yield in both locations and seasons. P increased grain yield by 19-39% over control treatment.The highest mean yield of 3156 kg ha^-1 at Minjibir and 2929 kg ha^-1at BUK indicate optimum yield was recorded at the 45 kgP₂0₅ha^-1 application rate and significantly higher than P rates at 0, 15 and 30kgha^-1 respectively.Grain yield WUE washighly significantamongP-fertilizer levels and varieties, however, no significant differences between P-fertilizer rates for biomass WUE.P-application increased grain WUE of sorghum by 20-39%, the ICSV400 estimated the mean highest value of 9.3 and 8.6 kg ha^-1mm^-1 over CSR-01 and local at both locations.The study observed that the application of P could be an effective fertilization strategy to enhance sorghum yield and water use in low-rainfall cropping system and drought prone environment.

Keywords: Biomass WUE, crop evapotranspiration (ET_c), Grain yield WUE, P-Fertilizer effect, sorghum productivity.

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