Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science (GARJAS) ISSN: 2315-5094
September 2019 Vol. 8(8): pp. 265-270
Copyright © 2019 Global Advanced Research Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Spatial Variability in Soil Properties and Plant Nutrient of Paddy Rice in Mwea, Kenya
Kundu C.A. *1, 2T. Masunaga, 2K. Sato, 2M. Ishii, 3A.Yamauchi, 4D. Makihara and 5R.K. Wanjogu
1Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Box 169-50100, Kakamega, Kenya
2Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue city, Shimane 690-8504 Japan
3Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
4International Co-operation Centre for Agricultural Education (ICCAE), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
5Mwea Irrigation Agricultural Development Centre (MIAD), Box 210-10303, Wang’uru, Kenya
*Corresponding Author's Email: carolinekundu@gmail.com
Accepted 02 June, 2019
Abstract
Lowlands constitute major environment for rice cultivation in Kenya, but declining soil productivity has led to low poor quality yields. This study assessed soil and yield quality of rice in Mwea irrigation scheme. Surface 0-15cm soil was sampled for laboratory analysis. Rice straw and grain was collected and analysed for total nutrient. Results obtained for soil and plant were evaluated basing on nutrient guidelines for rice. Results indicated that soil pH was moderately high and salt concentration negligible (< 0.4 dS/m). Soil total carbon was moderately high while total nitrogen was low. Available phosphorus, sulphur and silica all exceeded deficiency level for rice. Exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ dominated compared to exchangeable K+ and Na+; and as a result severe K+ deficiency because of cation imbalance existed. Among micronutrients, soil Fe, Mn and Cu were high while Zn was deficient. Grain yields were below optimum and plant analyses revealed deficiencies in straw total sulphur, K and Ca in some units. Grain samples showed deficiency in total Ca, Fe, K, Mg and S. Soil condition and nutrient concentrations affected nutrient accumulation in straw and grain. Appropriate soil management practices should be considered for improved quality and quantity of yields.
Keywords: Cation imbalance, lowlands, Mwea irrigation scheme, soil nutrient
REFERENCES
Atera EA, Onyancha FN, Majiwa EBO (2018). Production and Marketing of Rice in Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics. 10(3):64-70
Atera EA, Onyango JC, Azuma T, Asanuma S, Itoh K (2011). Field evaluation of selected NERICA rice cultivars in western Kenya. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 6(1):60-66
Brady NC, Weil RR (2014). The Nature and Properties of Soils, 14th Edition, Pearson Education Limited.
Dobermann A, Cassman KG, Mamaril CP, Sheehy JE (1998). Management of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur in intensive, irrigated lowland rice. Field Crops Research. 56, 113-138.
Dobermann A, Fairhurst T (2000). Rice: Nutrient disorders & nutrient management Manila, Philippines: Potash & Phosphate Institute and International Rice Research Institute. pp 192.
Gao X, Brown KR, Racz GJ, Grant CA (2010). Concentration of cadmium in durum wheat as affected by time, source and placement of nitrogen fertilization under reduced and conventional-tillage management Plant Soil, 337, 341-354.
Giller KE, Tittonell P, Rufino MC (2011). Communicating complexity: Integrated assessment of trade-offs concerning soil fertility management within African farming systems to support innovation and development. Agricultural Systems. 104, 191-203.
Guo W, Nazim H, Liang Z, Yang D (2016). Magnesium deficiency in plants: An urgent problem. The crop Journal. 4, 83-91.
International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC). (2006). Africa Fertilizer Summit Proceedings, Abuja, Nigeria.
Iwai T, Takahashi M, Oda K, Terada Y, Yoshida KT (2012). Dynamic changes in the distribution of minerals in relation to phytic acid accumulation during rice seed development. Plant Physiology. 160, 2007-2014.
Khurana N, Gupta J, Chatterjee (1999). Sulphur deficiency influences metabolism and grain quality of Rice. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology. 4, 277-281.
Kihoro J, Njoroge JB, Murage H, Ateka E, Makihara D (2013). Investigating the impact of rice blast disease on the livelihood of the local farmers in greater Mwea region of Kenya. SpringerPlus. 2, 308-320.
Kondo M., Toshinari O.T.A. and Wanjogu R. (2001). Physical and chemical properties of Vertisols and soil nutrient management for intensive rice cultivation in the Mwea area in Kenya. Japanese Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 45, 126-132.
Koyama T, Sutoh M (1987). Simultaneous multi-element determination of soils, plant and animal samples by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. Japanese Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 58,578-585 (In Japanese).
Kyuma K (2004). Paddy soil science, Kyoto University Press. pp 297
Marschner P (ed.) (2012). Marschner’s mineral nutrition of higher plants, 3rd Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA
Ministry of Agriculture (2008). National Rice Development Strategy (2008 – 2018). Agricultural Information Resource Centre, Nairobi, Kenya.
Muriithi NT, Karoki KB, Gachanja AN (2012). Chemical and Mineral Analyses of Mwea clays. International Journal of Physical Sciences. 7, 5865-5869.
Newell-McGloughlin M, 2008. Nutritionally improved agricultural crops Plant Physiology, 147, 939-953
Ning HF, Liu ZH, Wang QS, Lin ZM, Chen SJ, Li GH, Wang SH, Ding YF (2009). Effect of nitrogen application on grain phytic acid and protein concentrations in japonica rice and its variations with genotypes. Journal of Cereal Science. 50, 49-55.
Ogawa M, Tanaka K, Kasai Z (1979). Accumulation of phosphorus, magnesium and potassium in developing rice grains: followed by electron microprobe X-ray analysis focusing on the aleurone layer. Plant and Cell Physiology. 20, 19–27.
Onderi JN (2016). Suitability Assessment of Effluents from Mwea Irrigation Scheme for reuse in Irrigation for Rice Production, Kirinyaga County, Kenya. Unpublished MSc Thesis, Kenyatta University.
Raboy V (2009). Approaches and challenges to engineering seed phytate and total phosphorus. Plant Sciences.177, 281-296.
Randall PJ, Freney JR, Spenser K (2003). Diagnosing sulfur deficiency in rice by grain analysis. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems. 65, 211-219.
Seck PA, Tollens E, Wopereis MC, Diagne A, Bamba I (2010). Rising trends and variability of rice prices: Threats and opportunities for sub-Saharan Africa. Food Policy. 35, 403-411.
Shapouri S, Rosen S, Peters M, Baquedano F, Allen S (2010). Food security assessment. 2010-20, DIANE Publishing.
Sharma A, Patni B, Shankhdhar D, Shankhdhar SC (2013). Zinc-An Indispensable Micronutrient. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 19, 11-20.
Shi RL, Weber G, Köster J, Reza-Hajirezaei M, Zou C, Zhang F, von Wirén N (2012). Senescence-induced iron mobilization in source leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants. New Phytologist. 195, 372-383.
Shoji K, Kawamura T, Horio H (2005). Variability of micro-elevation, yield and protein content within a transplanted paddy field. Precision Agriculture. 6, 73–86.
Slamet-Loedin IH, Johnson-Beebout SE, Impa S, Tsakirpaloglou N (2015). Enriching rice with Zn and Fe while minimizing Cd risk. Frontiers in Plant Science. 6, 121.
Sperotto RA (2013). Zn/Fe remobilization from vegetative tissues to rice seeds: should I stay or should I go? Ask Zn/Fe supply! Frontiers in Plant Science. 4, 464.
Wang YY, Wei YY, Dong LX, Lu LL, Feng Y, Zhang J, Pan FS, Yang XE (2014). Improved yield and Zn accumulation for rice grain by Zn fertilization and optimized water management. Journal of Zhejiang University- Science B (Biomedicine & Biotechnology), 15(4): 365-374.
Waters BM, Sankaran RP (2011). Moving micronutrients from the soil to the seeds: Genes and physiological processes from biofortification perspective. Plant Science. 180, 562-574.
Related Articles
Current Issue
- View Full Article - PDF
- Download Full Article - PDF
Viewing Options
- Kundu C.A. on Google Scholar
- Kundu C.A. on Pubmed
- T. Masunaga on Google Scholar
- T. Masunaga on Pubmed
- K. Sato on Google Scholar
- K. Sato on Pubmed
- M. Ishii on Google Scholar
- M. Ishii on Pubmed
- A.Yamauchi on Google Scholar
- A.Yamauchi on Pubmed
- D. Makihara on Google Scholar
- D. Makihara on Pubmed
- R.K. Wanjogu on Google Scholar
- R.K. Wanjogu on Pubmed
Search for Articles
- Viewed 669
- Printed 43
- Downloaded 334