Global Advanced Research Journal of Food Science and Technology (GARJFST) ISSN: 2315-5098 June 2014 Vol. 2(3), pp 035-043.
Copyright © 2014 Global Advanced Research Journals
Original Research Articles
Chemical composition and nutritional evaluation of a cowpea protein concentrate
Martin Alain Mune Muneb*, Samuel René Minkaa, Israël Lape Mbomeb
aDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Yaounde I, PO Box 812 Yaounde, Cameroon
bThe Higher Institute of Sahel, The University of Maroua, PO Box 46 Maroua, Cameroon
cFood and Nutrition Research Centre, PO Box 6163 Yaounde, Cameroon
Corresponding author Email: alainmune@yahoo.fr
Accepted 10 October 2012
Abstract
Cowpea protein concentrate was prepared by isoelectric precipitation, under optimum conditions determined in a previous study. The concentrate contained 86.90 % of the flour total protein, and had 85.82 % protein. Sugars and ash were in lower contents in the concentrate compared to the flour, while Fe and Zn contents were not significantly (p> 0.05) different. Phytates and polyphenols were eliminated in abundance during protein extraction and presence of trypsin and α-amylase inhibitors in the concentrate suggested application of an adequate heat treatment before its use in food products. The concentrate in vitro protein digestibility was high (86.81-88.74 %), and had a balanced essential amino acid composition compared to the FAO/WHO reference pattern. Tryptophan and total sulphur amino acids were first and second limiting amino acids. The predicted protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acids index and biological value indicated the good quality of cowpea protein concentrate, although elimination of tryptophan and sulphur-rich proteins during protein extraction affected the chemical score and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score.
Keywords: cowpea, protein concentrate, antinutritional factors, protein quality
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